Browsing by Author "Gamage, K.N."
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Item A Rule Based Syllabification Algorithm for Sinhala(Lecture Notes in Computer Science/ IJCNLP: International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing, 2005) Weerasinghe, A.R.; Wasala, R.A.; Gamage, K.N.This paper presents a study of Sinhala syllable structure and an algorithm for identifying syllables in Sinhala words. After a thorough study of the Syllable structure and linguistic rules for syllabification of Sinhala words and a survey of the relevant literature, a set of rules was identified and implemented as a simple, easy-to-implement algorithm. The algorithm was tested using 30,000 distinct words obtained from a corpus and compared with the same words manually syllabified. The algorithm performs with 99.95 % accuracy.Item Audiovisual translation(Faculty of Humanities, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2013) Gamage, K.N.Item Current Trends in Linguistic Research in Sri Lanka(University of Kelaniya, 2015) Wijeratne, W.M.; Gamage, K.N.The purpose of this study is to investigate the current trends in linguistic research in Sri Lanka. Linguistics is studied as a major subject in the Universities of Kelaniya and Jaffna. The former maitains undergraduate and a post graduate programmes in linguistics; Research is done for post graduate degrees such as M.A., M. Phil., and Ph.D. Annually small scale research studies are done by about hundred M.A. students as a partial requirement of their study programme. Further, the number of researchers studying for their M.Phil. degree also has increased. As a result, research findings are presented in dissertation form and the university has got several hundreds of linguistic research dissertations. Yet, there has not been any formal study to find out the nature of these pieces of research and thus it would be very useful to find out the nature of them. Thus, the research problem in this study is ‘what is the nature of linguistic researches done during the last seven years in the University of Kelaniya?’ In order to answer this question details of researches done during the last seven years have been gathered from M.A., M.Phil. and Ph.D. Dissertations and classified into different subfields of linguistics. The present research is limited to research carried out from 2007 to 2014 in University of Kelaniya. The results indicate that research in the applied linguistic field are frequently done, yet there is an interest of the other theoretical and practical aspects of linguistics.Item Festival-si: A Sinhala Text-to-Speech System(Lecture Notes in Computer Science/ IJCNLP: International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing, 2007) Weerasinghe, A.R.; Wasala, R.A.; Gamage, K.N.This paper brings together the development of the first Text-to-Speech (TTS) system for Sinhala using the Festival framework and practical applications of it. Construction of a diphone database and implementation of the natural language processing modules are described. The paper also presents the development methodology of direct Sinhala Unicode text input by rewriting Letter-to-Sound rules in Festival's context sensitive rule format and the implementation of Sinhala syllabification algorithm. A Modified Rhyme Test (MRT) was conducted to evaluate the intelligibility of the synthesized speech and yielded a score of 71.5% for the TTS system described.Item Generative Transformational Grammar(Sinhala Encyclopedia, 2012) Wickramasinghe, D.M.; Gamage, K.N.Item History of Machine Translation(Journal of the Faculty of Humanities, 2010) Gamage, K.N.Item Men and Women Theory in Translation(10th Anniversary International Symposium on issues & challenges of the 21st century, University of Sabaragamuwa, 2006) Gamage, K.N.; Boralugoda, A.Item Men and Women: Theory and Function in Transition (A study of gender in tgransition)(Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, 2006) Gamage, K.N.; Boralugoda, A.Item New Trends in Audiovisual Translation: The Latest Challenging Modes(Journal of the Faculty of Humanities, 2013) Gamage, K.N.Item One two or three: Theory and function in translation: Study on the notion of number in translation(Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, 2007) Gamage, K.N.; Boralugoda, A.Item Problems arises in equivalence at translation(Journal of the Faculty of Humanities, 2010) Gamage, K.N.Item Sinhala Grapheme-to-Phoneme Conversion and Rules for Schwa Epenthesis(Proceedings of the COLING/ACL Main Conference Poster Sessions, Association for Computational Linguistics, 2006) Weerasinghe, A.R.; Wasala, R.A.; Gamage, K.N.This paper describes an architecture to convert Sinhala Unicode text into phonemic specification of pronunciation. The study was mainly focused on disambiguating schwa-/\/ and /a/ vowel epenthesis for consonants, which is one of the significant problems found in Sinhala. This problem has been addressed by formulating a set of rules. The proposed set of rules was tested using 30,000 distinct words obtained from a corpus and com-pared with the same words manually transcribed to phonemes by an expert. The Grapheme-to-Phoneme (G2P) con-version model achieves 98 % accuracy.Item Sinhala phonetics and phonology: an acoustic analysis(2011) Gamage, K.N.Item The Structure of The Verb phrase in Spoken Sinhala. A Linguistic Study.(Faculty of Humanities University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2021) Bandara, H.M.S.M.; Gamage, K.N.According to structural linguistics, the structure of a language can be studied as sounds, words, sentences and meaning. Sentences of all languages have both a deep structure which gives the meaning of the sentence, as well as a surface structure which is responsible for the form of the sentence in communication. The deep structure of a sentence can be turned into surface structure by using transformational rules. Hence, Phrase structure analysis becomes essential to recognise the structure of phrases, and to ascertain the inter-structural patterns of languages. The objective of this research is to recognise the structure of the verb phrase in spoken Sinhala. Data for this study is gathered from the book of “Kelani Paalama” written by R.R. Samarakoon. Accordingly, phrase structure rules were used to recognise verb phrases from the collected data. This research applies the theories of generative grammar to analyse the structure of verb phrases. The findings of this study reveal that the verb in which the head of the verb phrase appears can be of various forms such as finite verbs, infinitive verbs, volitive verbs, involitive verbs, transitive verbs, intransitive verbs, helping verbs and main verbs. Verbs behave in the form of reports and commands in a verb phrase, while emphasise and phrase focus may happen in abundance. Furthermore, the word order of Sinhala verb phrase can be observed as a free word order. The study also observed that, simple sentences do not exhibit any change when the deep structure is transformed into surface structure, whereas complex sentences undergo some changes due to transformational rules. Therefore, it can be observed that spoken Sinhala verb phrases have a number of structures, and it is possible to construct verb phrases by incorporating linguistic units such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, determiners, compliments and sentences.Item Supra-segmental features in Spoken Sinhala(Journal of the Faculty of Humanities, 2009) Gamage, K.N.Item The Sinhala Collation Sequence and its Representation in UNICODE(Localisation Focus: The International Journal for Localisation, 2005) Weerasinghe, A.R.; Herath, D.L.; Gamage, K.N.The alphabet of a language is perhaps the first thing we learn as users. The alphabet of our mother tongue would be the first alphabet we ever learn. And yet, a closer look reveals that there is much about such an alphabet that we have not explicitly specified anywhere. The Sinhala alphabet order is a prime example. We use it, recite it and yet would be hard pressed to define it explicitly. Sinhala is spoken in all parts of Sri Lanka except some districts in the north, east and centre by approximately 20 million people. It is spoken by an additional 30,000 (1993) people in Canada, Maldives, Singapore, Thailand and United Arab Emirates. Sinhala is classified as an Indo-European language and used as an official language. The UNICODE Collation Algorithm (UCA) is an attempt to make explicit the collation sequence of any language expressed in the UNICODE (or any other) coding system. In order to express the Sinhala collation sequence (alphabetical order) using UCA, the authors undertook the task of identifying unresolved issues facing the unambiguous definition of the order. This paper first describes the issues identified through this study, suggesting alternate solutions and recommending one of them. Finally, it sets out the recommended collation sequence for Sinhala in the form of the UNICODE collation specification. The outcome of this process is a unique and unambiguous expression of the Sinhala collation sequence which could be tested using existing tools and software environments.Item You and I in Translation ....(University of Kelaniya, 2007) Gamage, K.N.; Boralugoda, A.The task of the translator is finding equivalents. The translator is faced with the problem of lack of equivalents in the process of translation as no two languages in the world are identical. These problems may occur in all the strata of a language such as lexical, morphological. syntactical and semantical. Here the main focus will be on the syntactic level. The problems that occur in the syntactical level can be discussed according to the grammatical categories of gender, number, tense, voice and person. The objective of this paper is to focus on the concept of person and lay emphasis on how it manifests itself in the task of translation. The category of person relates to the notion of the participant roles. In most of the languages participant roles are systematically defined through a closed system of pronouns which may be organized along a variety of dimensions. The most common dimension-distinction is that between • first Person Second Person Third person (Identifying the speaker or a group which includes the speaker) (Identifying the person or the persons addressed) (Identifying the persons or things other than the speaker and addressee. •• In addition to the main distinction based on participant role, the person system may be organized along a variety of other dimensions. The person system in some languages may have a gender or number dimension which applies to the whole system or to parts of it. In case of Sinhala it has a more detailed person system compared to English where there is only seven. In this paper we intend to discuss the problems encountered in translating the concept of person.Item උපකාරක පන්ති ප්රචාරයේ දී භාවිත භාෂාව: වාග්විද්යාත්මක අධ්යයනයක්(Research Symposium 2010 - Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2010) Gamage, K.N.Item ඡන්ද ප්රචාරණයේදී භාවිත භාෂාව පිළිබඳ වාග්විද්යාත්මක අධ්යයනයක්(University of Kelaniya, 2011) Gamage, K.N.Item යාන්ත්රික පරිවර්තන ඉතිහාසය(Faculty of Humanities, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2010) Gamage, K.N.